Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of. Summary dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. Presentation dengue fever health sciences wellness free. Treat the symptoms of dengue and see your healthcare provider. Mosquitoes in the uk do not spread the dengue virus. Introduction dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito borne viral disease in the world. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause. Medical group, for sharing on his clinical practice with the authors. In the united states, dengue antibody tests have historically been performed only. Describe the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of dengue viral infections. Freeaccess computer software programs are available. Dengue fever definition of dengue fever by medical. Dengue fever vaccine, symptoms, treatment, prevention.
Niaidsupported scientists are working to understand the pathology of dengue disease and to develop costeffective, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tests for use in dengue endemic countries. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Primarily a disease of the tropics, dengue fever is caused by a virus caused by a mosquito which prefers to feed on humans and is native to the tropics. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Depending on the geographical origin of the patient, other etiologies including nondengue flavivirus infections should be ruled out. The severity of the disease can be affected by the infecting virus itself and the age, immune status, and genetic predisposition of the person infected. Your doctor will likely ask about your medical and travel history. It flourishes in urban poor areas, suburbs and the countryside, but also affects more affluent. First seen in asia, africa, and north america in the late 1700s, it was first thought of. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the lifethreatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where.
If you think you have dengue pdf icon pdf 1 page see a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Clinical presentation can range from a mild fever to classical dengue fever with hemorrhage dhf andor shock dengue shock syndrome dss. Sometimes, the infection is more serious and occasionally it is fatal. Currently, dengue fever causes more illness and death than any other arbovirus disease of humans 124. Because dengue is a nationally notifiable disease, all suspected cases should be reported to the state or local health department. Confirmatory tests include viral antigen or nucleic acid detection and serology. Pdf infection with any of the 4 dengue virus serotypes results in a diverse. An estimated 50 million dengue infections occur annually. Although most cases are asymptomatic, severe illness and death may occur. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. Control the fever give acetaminophen every 6 hours maximum 4 doses per day. The goal of these tests is to provide early detection of the disease, distinguish between the different viral dengue, and predict which people are at highest risk of developing the more severe forms of. Diagnosing dengue fever can be difficult, because its signs and symptoms can be easily confused with those of other diseases such as malaria, leptospirosis and typhoid fever. The clinical laboratory findings of dengue fever include low levels of white blood cells leukopenia and platelets thrombocytopenia and, often, an elevated level of the enzyme serum aminotransferase the diagnosis of dengue fever is usually confirmed in the laboratory by serologic tests on blood samples from the patient.
Do not give ibuprofen, aspirin, or aspirin containing drugs. Dengue, management, diagnosis, fever, nausea and vomiting, rash, aches and pains, headache, eye pain, muscle ache or joint pain, warning signs, tourniquet test positive, leukopenia, abdominal pain or tenderness, persistent vomiting, mucosal bleed. Laboratory test for the diagnosis of dengue ecovec. How to diagnose dengue fever with lab tests healthfully. Sep, 2019 prevention is possible in children ages 916 with a labconfirmed previous dengue infection with a vaccine, dengvaxia, approved by the fda in the u. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj.
Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Niaidsupported scientists are working to understand the pathology of dengue disease and to develop costeffective, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tests for use in dengueendemic countries. Cdc dengue branch, san juan, puerto rico will provide dengue testing free of cost to submitting physicians, state and private laboratories if certain criteria are met. Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted to humans by mosquitoes that live in tropical and subtropical climates and carry the virus. Depending on the geographical origin of the patient, other etiologies including non dengue flavivirus infections should be ruled out.
In november 2009, the world health organization who issued a new guideline that classifies symptomatic cases as dengue or severe dengue. Ns1 is a glycoprotein that is common to all dengue. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Recognize when to consider dengue in the differential diagnosis of acute fever. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection can be made by the detection of specific virus, viral antigen, genomic sequence, andor antibodies 33, 35, 36, 94. You can catch dengue fever if you are bitten by an infected mosquito. Dengue fever can easily be confused with non dengue illnesses, particularly in nonepidemic situations.
Between outbreaks, australia is free of dengue fever, but continuous efforts to control the mosquitoes are needed to keep it that way. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss. The most commonly performed test to confirm a diagnosis of dengue fever looks for antibodies against the dengue virus in the patients blood. Presentation dengue fever health sciences wellness. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Aspirin free fever reducers like acetaminophen, pain medications, rest, and fluid for. Dengue fever definition of dengue fever by medical dictionary. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever clinical microbiology.
Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. Dengue is a mosquitotransmitted virus and the leading cause of arthropodborne viral disease in the world. These mosquitoes then transmit the virus to humans. Clinical evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test.
Dengue classically presents with high fever, headache, body aches, exanthem, and generalized lymphadenopathy. A rapid immunochromatographic test was compared to the hemagglutination inhibition assay for separate determinations of dengue virusspecific immunoglobulin m igm and igg levels in paired serum specimens from 92 patients 34 with primary dengue virus infection, 35 with secondary dengue virus infection, and 23 without dengue virus infection. Dengue fever can be caused by any of four related dengue viruses denv1 to denv4. Pdf on jan 1, 2016, anum jaweria and others published dengue. There are four types of dengue virus, dengue type 1, 2, 3 and 4. Four dengue serotypes, known as denv1, 2, 3, and 4, can cause severe and fatal disease. May 01, 2005 on investigation by hdoh staff, dengue fever was suspected, and clinical specimens were collected and forwarded to the centers for disease control and prevention cdc for diagnosis.
Dengue is found in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semiurban areas. Description the virus that causes dengue fever is called an arbovirus, which stands for arthropodborne virus. Laboratory confirmation can be made from a single acutephase serum specimen obtained early. Illness caused by dengue has an abrupt onset with 3 broadly identifiable phases. Other countries approved its use in adults up to age 45 in endemic areas.
Dengue virus infection can result in either asymptomatic or symptomatic infection. The mosquito that carries the arbovirus responsible for dengue fever is the same type of mosquito that can transmit other diseases, including yellow fever. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne infection that causes severe flulike symptoms and can be fatal. The onset of dengue symptoms is marked by the presence of dengue ns1 antigen in the patients serum. Sponge patients skin with tepid water when temperature is high.
Dengue fever is the most common arthropodborne selflimiting viral disease with clinical spectrum. Discuss the diagnosis and management of this common tropical illness. In very technical terms, this is done by antigendetection elisa or pr pcr during the acute phase of the disease or by igm elisa or paired serology during the recovery phase of dengue fever. The common severe syndromedengue haemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdssis characterised by sudden vascular permeability generated by cytokines released when t cells attack dengueinfected cells. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four. It is also known as breakbone fever due to the severity of muscle spasms and joint pain, dandy fever, or sevenday fever because of the usual duration of symptoms. Laboratory test for the diagnosis of dengue world health. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection oxford. This increase is believed to be to be due to multiple factors. There is no treatment for dengue fever, and about 40 percent of the worlds population is at risk. Aedes mosquitoes transmit the virus and are common. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj best. Endemic in more than 120 countries, particularly the southeast asian and western pacific regions, the caribbe. Each year, an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever and several hundred thousand cases of dhf occur, depending on epidemic activity 42, 45, 104.
Blood testing detects the dengue virus or antibodies produced in response to dengue infection according to the centers for disease control and prevention cdc, dengue infections have been reported in more than 100 countries from parts of africa, the. Nov 09, 2012 symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. Naats should be performed on serum specimens collected 7 days or less after symptom onset. Diagnosis and management of dengue fever in children. Classical dengue fever is an acute infection presenting clinically 410 days following the bite of an infected mosquito. Presentation dengue fever free download as powerpoint presentation. This acute febrile illness can be a deadly infection in cases of severe manifestation, causing dengue hemorrhagic shock. Symptoms of typical uncomplicated classic dengue usually start with fever within 4 to 7 days. Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. Roughly 20% of all infections are symptomatic, with individuals experiencing disease symptoms that cover a broad clinical spectrum of nonsevere to severe clinical manifestations. Classic dengue fever is primarily a disease of older children and adults. Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following.
Severe dengue fever is characterized by marked thrombocytopenia, severe hemorrhage, plasma leakage leading to shock or fluid accumulation with respiratory distress, and severe organ impairment. As the disease spreads to new geographical areas, the frequency of the outbreaks is increasing. The viruses that cause dengue fever are related to those that. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Department of health and human services centers for.
Apr 01, 2010 describe the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of dengue viral infections. Appropriate medical care frequently saves the lives of patients with. Prevention is possible in children ages 916 with a labconfirmed previous dengue infection with a vaccine, dengvaxia, approved by the fda in the u. All can cause syndromes that are selflimited or severe. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Local aedes aegypti are not normally infected with the virus, unless they have bitten a person sick with dengue. Dengue management dos and donts x dont use corticosteroids. Identify other diseases that can mimic dengue viral infections. These include providing epidemiological data and diagnostic clarity for atypical cases, as well as. Jan 11, 2018 the diagnosis of dengue fever is usually confirmed in the laboratory by serologic tests on blood samples from the patient. Dengue is endemic in more than 100 countries in tropical. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease.
According to the who criteria, dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and dengue shock syndrome dss were observed in 30. Dengue viruses cause a wide range of illness, including dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and dengue shock syndrome dss. Dengue is a rapidly emerging pandemicprone viral disease in many parts of the world. Most people who have dengue fever recover in about a week. Instead, the virus responsible for dengue fever requires an intermediate vector, a mosquito, that carries the virus from one host to another. Nov 02, 2018 dengue fever is a mosquitoborne infection that causes severe flulike symptoms and can be fatal. Dengue pronounced dengee fever is a painful, debilitating mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses.
Free access computer software programs are available. Dengue knowledge for medical students and physicians. The four dengue viruses are transmitted in tropical countries that circle the globe. Feb 16, 2018 dengue denggey fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Dengue fever is an illness that is similar to a serious case of the flu. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and caused by one of four dengue viruses that are closely related. Feb 16, 2018 diagnosing dengue fever can be difficult, because its signs and symptoms can be easily confused with those of other diseases such as malaria, leptospirosis and typhoid fever. For patients with suspected dengue virus disease, naats are the preferred method of laboratory diagnosis.
Be sure to describe international trips in detail, including the countries you visited and the dates. Dengue fever can easily be confused with nondengue illnesses, particularly in nonepidemic situations. Through the development of further field sites, including sites free of nondengue flaviviruses, the. Through the development of further field sites, including sites free of nondengue flaviviruses, the prospects. It is characterized by the sudden onset of fever and a variety of nonspecific signs and symptoms, including frontal headache, retroorbital pain, body aches, nausea and vomiting, joint pains, weakness, and rash 1, 71, 1, 6, 149. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. It is caught by people visiting or living in asia, the americas or the caribbean. Dengue is a mosquitoborne viral infection causing a severe flulike illness and, sometimes causing a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure shock and death.
Dengue fever is most often transmitted to humans by the aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue fever dengue is a mosquitoborne infection that causes a severe flulike illness, and sometimes a potentially lethal complication called dengue haemorrhagic fever. Laboratory diagnosis and diagnostic tests dengue ncbi. Sep 15, 2015 the mortality rate for severe dengue fever is 0. Pdf clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. In very technical terms, this is done by antigendetection elisa or. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes especially aedes aegypti and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. The infection is usually mild and passes after about 1 week without causing any lasting problems. Dengue and severe dengue world health organization. Clinicians should consider dengue in a patient who was in an endemic area within 2 weeks of symptom onset. Jun 28, 2019 symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. On september 21, cdc confirmed recent dengue infection in the index patient. In dengueendemic regions, suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of dengue infection should be reported to the relevant authorities as soon as possible.